Protective security at sea: a counter terrorism framework for cruise and passenger ships

In the present context of global terrorism, managing protective security in cruise and passenger ships is a challenge for organisations. This due, part, to distinct lack counter terrorism framework industry. To address this gap, paper develops ships. identifies components terrorist threats based on known attacks. It provides stakeholders with means assess risk, both terms likelihood wider organisational impact. From an operational perspective, contribution threefold: First, it offers consistent approach delivering effective posture at all stages ship’s itinerary. Second, envisaged that application will improve decision-making within Third, improved may, over time, enhance deterrence.